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Hill Policy
U.S. SENATE

Edward J. Markey

DemocratMassachusettsCurrently serving

Sworn into the Senate on Source

How they voted 917

Their recorded votes in Congress, including what was decided and how they voted.

Yea/Aye supports the question being voted on. Nay/No opposes it. Colors describe the recorded choice, not a political rating.

Partial vote history. See collection coverage

Senate vote #157 · 2025Nomination PN25-56
Nay

Senate confirmed Matthew Whitaker as U.S. representative to NATO council

AI-assisted summary

Matthew Whitaker was nominated to serve as the United States Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, with the rank and status of ambassador. The Senate confirmed his nomination, 52–45.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on April 1, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Confirmation: Matthew Whitaker, of Iowa, to be United States Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Official question
On the Nomination PN25-56
Chamber result
Nomination Confirmed (52-45)
Measure title
Matthew Whitaker, of Iowa, to be United States Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, with the rank and status of Ambassador
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #156 · 2025Nomination PN25-56
Nay

Senate limited debate on Matthew Whitaker’s NATO ambassador nomination

AI-assisted summary

Matthew Whitaker was nominated to serve as the U.S. permanent representative on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Council, with ambassadorial rank and status. The Senate agreed to limit further debate on the nomination, 49–42. This vote did not confirm Whitaker; a separate confirmation vote would be needed.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 31, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Motion to Invoke Cloture: Matthew Whitaker, to be U.S. Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Official question
On the Cloture Motion PN25-56
Chamber result
Cloture Motion Agreed to (49-42)
Measure title
Matthew Whitaker, of Iowa, to be United States Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, with the rank and status of Ambassador
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #155 · 2025Nomination PN13-9
Nay

Senate confirmed Paul Lawrence as Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs

AI-assisted summary

Paul Lawrence, of Virginia, was nominated to be Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs. The Senate confirmed his nomination, 51–45.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 27, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Confirmation: Paul Lawrence, of Virginia, to be Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Official question
On the Nomination PN13-9
Chamber result
Nomination Confirmed (51-45)
Measure title
Paul Lawrence, of Virginia, to be Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #154 · 2025Nomination PN13-9
Nay

Limit debate on Paul Lawrence’s nomination as VA deputy secretary

AI-assisted summary

The Senate agreed to limit further debate on Paul Lawrence’s nomination to be Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs. This vote did not confirm him; it allowed the Senate to move toward a later vote on whether to approve the nomination. The cloture motion was agreed to, 53–47.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 27, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Motion to Invoke Cloture: Paul Lawrence to be Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Official question
On the Cloture Motion PN13-9
Chamber result
Cloture Motion Agreed to (53-47)
Measure title
Paul Lawrence, of Virginia, to be Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #153 · 2025S.J.Res. 18
Nay

Pass a resolution to overturn the CFPB’s large-bank overdraft rule

AI-assisted summary

The Senate passed a joint resolution disapproving the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s rule for overdraft lending at very large financial institutions. The rule would generally cap overdraft charges at $5, allow a higher cap with justification, or treat overdrafts as credit subject to specified lending disclosures. The resolution passed, 52–48.

Context: The background describes the resolution as introduced on February 13, 2025; the vote record does not establish whether the version passed was amended from that text.

Sources & original record
Official title
S.J.Res. 18
Official question
On the Joint Resolution S.J.Res. 18
Chamber result
Joint Resolution Passed (52-48)
Measure title
A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Overdraft Lending: Very Large Financial Institutions".
Legislative background
Introduced in Senate · 2025-02-13. This is separate from the date of the vote.
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #152 · 2025S.J.Res. 18
Nay

Begin considering a resolution to overturn the CFPB’s large-bank overdraft rule

AI-assisted summary

The Senate agreed to begin considering a joint resolution that would disapprove the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s rule for overdraft lending at very large financial institutions. The rule would generally cap overdraft charges at $5, allow a higher cap with justification, or treat overdrafts as credit subject to specified lending disclosures. This vote only allowed consideration to begin; it did not pass the resolution. The motion was agreed to, 52–47.

Context: The background describes the resolution as introduced February 13, 2025; the vote record does not establish whether the version considered was amended from that text.

Sources & original record
Official title
Motion to Proceed to S.J.Res. 18
Official question
On the Motion to Proceed S.J.Res. 18
Chamber result
Motion to Proceed Agreed to (52-47)
Measure title
A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Overdraft Lending: Very Large Financial Institutions".
Legislative background
Introduced in Senate · 2025-02-13. This is separate from the date of the vote.
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #151 · 2025H.J.Res. 25
Nay

Pass a resolution to overturn IRS digital-asset broker reporting rule

AI-assisted summary

The Senate passed a joint resolution disapproving and nullifying an IRS rule on gross-proceeds reporting by brokers that regularly help complete digital-asset sales. The rule generally required people facilitating decentralized-finance transactions to report certain information about digital-asset sales to the IRS. The resolution passed, 70–28.

Context: The background summarizes the resolution as introduced January 21, 2025, and may not describe the exact text passed.

Sources & original record
Official title
H.J.Res. 25
Official question
On the Joint Resolution H.J.Res. 25
Chamber result
Joint Resolution Passed (70-28)
Measure title
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales".
Legislative background
Introduced in House · 2025-01-21. This is separate from the date of the vote.
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #150 · 2025H.J.Res. 25
Nay

Begin considering the IRS digital asset broker reporting rule repeal

AI-assisted summary

The resolution would nullify an IRS rule requiring certain brokers handling decentralized finance transactions to report information about digital asset sales. The Senate agreed to begin considering the resolution; this vote did not pass it or decide whether to nullify the rule. The motion was agreed to, 70-28.

Context: The background describes the resolution as introduced in the House; it does not establish that this was the exact text considered in the Senate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Motion to Proceed to H.J.Res. 25
Official question
On the Motion to Proceed H.J.Res. 25
Chamber result
Motion to Proceed Agreed to (70-28)
Measure title
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales".
Legislative background
Introduced in House · 2025-01-21. This is separate from the date of the vote.
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #149 · 2025Nomination PN12-15
Nay

Confirm Michael Faulkender as Deputy Secretary of the Treasury

AI-assisted summary

The Senate confirmed Michael Faulkender, of Maryland, to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury. The confirmation vote was 53-43.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 26, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Confirmation: Michael Faulkender, of Maryland, to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
Official question
On the Nomination PN12-15
Chamber result
Nomination Confirmed (53-43)
Measure title
Michael Faulkender, of Maryland, to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #148 · 2025Nomination PN12-15
Nay

Limit debate on Michael Faulkender for Treasury deputy secretary

AI-assisted summary

The nomination concerned Michael Faulkender, of Maryland, to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury. The Senate agreed to limit further debate on his nomination, voting 52-46; this vote did not confirm him.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 26, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Motion to Invoke Cloture: Michael Faulkender to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
Official question
On the Cloture Motion PN12-15
Chamber result
Cloture Motion Agreed to (52-46)
Measure title
Michael Faulkender, of Maryland, to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #147 · 2025Nomination PN12-37
Nay

Confirm Aaron Reitz as an assistant attorney general

AI-assisted summary

The nomination concerned Aaron Reitz, of Texas, to be an Assistant Attorney General, replacing Hampton Y. Dellinger. The Senate confirmed Reitz by a 52-46 vote.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 26, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Confirmation: Aaron Reitz, of Texas, to be an Assistant Attorney General
Official question
On the Nomination PN12-37
Chamber result
Nomination Confirmed (52-46)
Measure title
Aaron Reitz, of Texas, to be an Assistant Attorney General vice Hampton Y. Dellinger
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #146 · 2025Nomination PN12-37
Nay

Limit debate on Aaron Reitz for assistant attorney general

AI-assisted summary

The nomination concerned Aaron Reitz, of Texas, to be an Assistant Attorney General, replacing Hampton Y. Dellinger. The Senate agreed to limit further debate on the nomination, voting 53-45; this vote did not confirm Reitz.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 26, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Motion to Invoke Cloture: Aaron Reitz to be an Assistant Attorney General
Official question
On the Cloture Motion PN12-37
Chamber result
Cloture Motion Agreed to (53-45)
Measure title
Aaron Reitz, of Texas, to be an Assistant Attorney General vice Hampton Y. Dellinger
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #145 · 2025Nomination PN12-3
Nay

Confirm James Bishop as OMB deputy director

AI-assisted summary

The nomination concerned James Bishop, of North Carolina, to be Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget. The Senate confirmed Bishop by a 53-45 vote.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 26, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Confirmation: James Bishop, of North Carolina, to be Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget
Official question
On the Nomination PN12-3
Chamber result
Nomination Confirmed (53-45)
Measure title
James Bishop, of North Carolina, to be Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #144 · 2025Nomination PN12-3
Nay

Limit debate on James Bishop for OMB deputy director

AI-assisted summary

The nomination concerned James Bishop, of North Carolina, to be Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget. The Senate agreed to limit further debate on the nomination, voting 52-47; this vote did not confirm Bishop.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 25, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Motion to Invoke Cloture: James Bishop to be Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget
Official question
On the Cloture Motion PN12-3
Chamber result
Cloture Motion Agreed to (52-47)
Measure title
James Bishop, of North Carolina, to be Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #143 · 2025Nomination PN12-28
Nay

Confirm Martin Makary as food and drugs commissioner

AI-assisted summary

The nomination concerned Martin Makary, of Virginia, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs at the Department of Health and Human Services. The Senate confirmed Makary by a 56-44 vote.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 25, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Confirmation: Martin Makary, of Virginia, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs
Official question
On the Nomination PN12-28
Chamber result
Nomination Confirmed (56-44)
Measure title
Martin Makary, of Virginia, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Department of Health and Human Services
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #142 · 2025Nomination PN12-28
Nay

Limit debate on Martin Makary’s FDA commissioner nomination

AI-assisted summary

The nomination would appoint Martin Makary as Commissioner of Food and Drugs at the Department of Health and Human Services. The Senate agreed to limit the remaining debate on his nomination, by a 56–44 vote; this did not confirm him.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 25, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Motion to Invoke Cloture: Martin Makary to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs
Official question
On the Cloture Motion PN12-28
Chamber result
Cloture Motion Agreed to (56-44)
Measure title
Martin Makary, of Virginia, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Department of Health and Human Services
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #141 · 2025Nomination PN12-2
Nay

Confirm Jayanta Bhattacharya as NIH director

AI-assisted summary

The nomination was for Jayanta Bhattacharya to serve as Director of the National Institutes of Health. The Senate confirmed him, by a 53–47 vote.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 25, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Confirmation: Jayanta Bhattacharya, of California, to be Director of the National Institutes of Health
Official question
On the Nomination PN12-2
Chamber result
Nomination Confirmed (53-47)
Measure title
Jayanta Bhattacharya, of California, to be Director of the National Institutes of Health
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #140 · 2025Nomination PN12-2
Nay

Limit debate on Jayanta Bhattacharya’s NIH director nomination

AI-assisted summary

The nomination was for Jayanta Bhattacharya to serve as Director of the National Institutes of Health. The Senate agreed to limit the remaining debate on his nomination, by a 53–46 vote; this vote did not confirm him.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 25, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Motion to Invoke Cloture: Jayanta Bhattacharya to be Director of the National Institutes of Health
Official question
On the Cloture Motion PN12-2
Chamber result
Cloture Motion Agreed to (53-46)
Measure title
Jayanta Bhattacharya, of California, to be Director of the National Institutes of Health
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #139 · 2025Nomination PN13-8
Nay

Confirm Michael Kratsios as science and technology policy director

AI-assisted summary

The nomination was for Michael Kratsios to serve as Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. The Senate confirmed him, by a 74–25 vote.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 25, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Confirmation: Michael Kratsios, of South Carolina, to be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
Official question
On the Nomination PN13-8
Chamber result
Nomination Confirmed (74-25)
Measure title
Michael Kratsios, of South Carolina, to be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1
Senate vote #138 · 2025Nomination PN13-8
Nay

Limit debate on Michael Kratsios’s science policy director nomination

AI-assisted summary

The nomination was for Michael Kratsios to serve as Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. The Senate agreed to limit the remaining debate on his nomination, by a 73–25 vote; this vote did not confirm him.

Context: Official Senate roll call held on March 25, 2025. The member’s recorded choice and the chamber’s overall result are separate.

Sources & original record
Official title
Motion to Invoke Cloture: Michael Kratsios to be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
Official question
On the Cloture Motion PN13-8
Chamber result
Cloture Motion Agreed to (73-25)
Measure title
Michael Kratsios, of South Carolina, to be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
Congress
119th Congress · Session 1